Adamantinoma of the Right Tibia Case Study

Adamantinoma of the Right Tibia Case Study Presentation: Adamantinoma is second rate threatening tumor of fibroblast birthplace. Additionally called as essential epidermoid carcinoma of bone, threatening angioblastoma or epithelial tumor of bone. It was first depicted by Fischer in 1913.1 It speaks to under 0.4% of all dangerous bone tumors.2 The specific starting point of adamantinoma is obscure, the great variation is made out of epithelial cells and osteofibrous parts. It is more predominant in men than in ladies, proportion being 5:4. The regular time of introduction is in the subsequent decade, however it can differ extraordinarily between the second to fifth decades.3 The basic site of event is the ramus of the mandible. The other phenomenal areas incorporate shaft of long bones (97%), mid-shaft of tibia (80%-85%).4 Other uncommon areas incorporates the humerus, ulna, femur, fibula and sweep however ribs, spine, metatarsal and carpal bones.5 The trademark highlights of adamantinoma is moderate, continuous advancement with high odds o f neighborhood repeats and furthermore metastases to lungs.6 For this situation study, we have introduced an uncommon histological acanthomatous variation of adamantinoma of the correct tibia with metastases to the privilege inguinal locale. CASE REPORT: A multi year old male patient gave history of torment in right leg since 3-4 months, guileful beginning, step by step dynamic, irritated on work out, alleviated on rest and medicine. Later patient had no alleviation taking drugs. There was no history of injury or fall preceeding to beginning of side effects. The patient additionally whined of growing in the correct crotch since multi month, without torment. On assessment, the patient was steady. Neighborhood assessment appeared, a growing of about 5X3cm in the upper end right leg, delicate, very much characterized, hard in consistency, smooth surface, including the correct knee joint line. There was limitation of development, however scope of developments was available. Assessment of right inguinal area uncovered a 7X6cm firm, non-tangled mass, stable, non-delicate, non-reducible, non-pulsatile mass. Nearby assessment of penis, scrotum, butt-centric channel, hernia holes was ordinary. Benchmark examinations were done, all the hematol ogical parameters were typical, ultrasound mid-region and chest radiograph was ordinary. Plain radiograph of right tibia demonstrated huge focal lytic sore with sclerotic edges, including the upper end and shaft of tibia without contribution of right knee joint. Supra-patellar removal of right leg with right inguinal and right outer iliac nodal analyzation was finished. Histopathological assessment of the mass was finished. The revealed was reminiscent of acanthomatous adamantionoma. The highlights are as depicted, focal region of squamous cell homes which were very much separated with keratinization encompassed by an edge of myxoid cells. Further immunohistochemistry(IHC) study was done to affirm the analysis. IHC was likewise predictable with the conclusion and affirmed the finding. Inspiration was found for cytokeratin(CK), EMA, CK-19, CK-5, CK-6, P-63, and Ki-67 and vimentin. Likewise metastases to right inguinal lymph hub was affirmed. Conversation: The main bone tumor with epithelial trademark was accounted for by Maier in 1900, later in 1913 Fischer named it as adamantinoma. It is more typical in men than in ladies. The period of introduction fluctuates between the second to fifth decade. The unprecedented destinations incorporates the pole of long bones(97%), of which the mid-shaft of tibia being the most widely recognized site(80-85%). The indications at introduction incorporate agony with restricted expanding. Growing is the most widely recognized side effect. Agony might be available because of history of redundant injury related with adamantinoma.7 Adamantinoma is second rate threatening tumor, and can metastasize to loco-local nodal regions and to lungs at introduction. The patient for the situation report was likewise a moderately aged man in the fifth decade with torment and expanding in the correct tibia since 3-4 months and growing in the correct crotch. Three hypotheses have been proposed for the wellspring of cell of root, 1) epithelial, 2) angioblasts, and 3) synovial tumors from extraordinary ectopic destinations. This was done in light of the fact that the tumor tissue is made out of both epithelial and osteofibrous components.8 In various blends, various examples are shaped. On microscopy, the commonest structure is the old style variation, trailed by the osteofibrous design. In the great variation, the sorts are basaloid, axle cell, cylindrical, and squamous designs. In the traditional variation, focal epithelial segment with encompassing zone of sinewy tissue containing barely any juvenile trabecuated bone parts are seen. In the osteofibrous variation, cental zone of stringy tissue, encompassed by fringe zone of epithelial parts are seen. Shaft cell variation is most generally observed with intermittent injury and metastatic injuries. The regular discoveries of traditional variation were reliable for our situation too, which demonstrated a very much separated keratinizing example of squamous cell homes encompassed by an edge of myxoid cells. Immunohistochemistry displays inspiration for both epithelial and rigid components. Sinewy segments are sure for vimentin. Epithelial segments show energy for cytokeratin(CK) 5, 14, 19; infrequently positive for CK 1,13,17. It is typically negative for CK 8 and 18. Likewise shows energy for epithelial development factor, fibroblast development factor, fibroblast development factor receptor. Our case had includes as depicted, additionally energy was found for p-63, Ki-67 and CK-6, which favor our determination of acantomatous adamantinoma. Hereditary examinations uncover chromosomal abberations on chr 7,8,12,19.9 Also aneuploidy has been related with epithelial components.10 There is loss of heterozygosity of p53 quality. Rarely,(11;22) translocations have been accounted for if there should be an occurrence of adamantinoma, and is named adamantinoma-like ewing’s sarcoma.11 11;22 translocation isn't seen is in adamantinoma. Radiological examinations incorporate radiographs, PC tomography(CT), attractive resonace imaging(MRI). All the modalities are vital not exclusively to affirm the analysis, likewise to characterize the degree of include and the forcefulness of the tumor. On plain radiographs normally flighty, lobulated, cental lytic injuries with a fringe sclerosis is available in the diaphyseal or metaphyseal parts of the bargains. These injury will in general show up on tibia with a common image of cleanser bubble appearance.12 CT shows osteolytic sore in the bone. X-ray is the examination of decision. It helps not just in characterizing the degree of cortical inclusion of bone, delicate tissue association, yet in addition helps in precluding different etiologies, for example, ewing’s sarcoma, adamantinoma, osteosarcoma, metastatic illness, stringy dysplasia of bone.13 The average highlights as portrayed in the writing was valid for our situation also. Treatment of adamantinoma has no complete rules. Excisional biopsy is favored as opposed to curratage of bone. Curratage of bone is related with recurrence’s, upto 30% repeat has been accounted for with curettage.14 Radical extraction of the bone is related with better result and guess. Appendage rescue strategies incorporate en-square resection, trailed by remaking of the hard imperfection which incorporates vascularised or non-vascularised bone unions, specially crafted protheses, intercalary allografts and interruption osteogenesis.15 When appendage rescue is absurd, removal is the authoritative treatment of decision. The rate of mortality with adamantinoma is about 17%, and increments to about 20% when aspiratory metastasis is available. In our patient work up was done and right supra patellar removal was done, with right inguinal and right outside iliac lymph nodal analyzation was done and histopathological assessment further demonstrated metastases to right inguinal loca le.

States considering laws to prevent obesity in America

States thinking about laws to forestall weight in America Weight... overweight... fat. No inquiries, its one of this countries most exceedingly awful and most exorbitant medical issues. Be that as it may, can government, in its best we know whats best for you convention, really ban weight in America? As indicated by an ongoing Washington Post article, councils in any event 25 states are presently discussing in excess of 140 bills planned for controling weight. New state laws as of now viable would limit the offer of pop and candy in government funded schools, require cheap food chains to post fat and sugar content straightforwardly on all menu sheets, and even endeavor to burden the fat away. As per the Post, six bills proposed by New York State Assemblyman Felix Ortiz (D) would slap strong assessments on greasy nourishments, yet additionally present day symbols of inactive living film tickets, computer games and DVD rentals. Ortiz gauges his assessment laws would pull in over $50 million every year, which New York could use to support open exercise and sustenance programs. We have concentrated on smoking; presently it is about time we battle corpulence, Ortiz told the Post. More than 44 million Americans are currently viewed as large, with a related increment in instances of genuine and exorbitant ailments, including diabetes, coronary illness and kidney disappointment. As expenses to wellbeing plans of weight driven sicknesses take off, the accomplishment of hostile to smoking enactment went during the 1990s and the safety belt laws of the 1970s have administrators figuring comparative laws could help power Americans to drive away from the table. Clearly, thoughtful libertarians and buyer rights bunches don't care for administering eating conduct. Its an individual obligation issue, states Richard Berman, official chief of the Center for Consumer Freedom in the Post article. In the event that Im going to abbreviate my own life by eating excessively or being excessively inactive, that may not be vastly different than shortening my life by riding a cruiser without a protective cap on. Then again, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy G. Thompson refers to the $117 billion spent yearly on stoutness related social insurance when he states, If were truly keen on holding down clinical expenses and improving the wellbeing of residents, we need to take care of heftiness. Some protection industry authorities have proposed charging stout people higher premiums. HHS Secretary Thompson, in any case, forewarned that doing so could cross paths with government against separation laws. The most conceivably argumentative fat-battling recommendation referenced in the Post story originated from Eric Topol, head of cardiology at the Cleveland Clinic. Topols proposal would offer a government personal assessment credit to thin individuals, while the individuals demolishing our human services financial matters [the obese] would settle the standard expense. Individuals who can be restrained and get more fit ought to be remunerated, said Topol.

First Investments, Inc. Essay

Essential Industries is an enhanced global enterprise with significant offers in different electric related markets. There is stock that has been held since the mid 1980s and we have been approached to examine and assess the previous 10 years of information to either sell or keep holding the offers. We have additionally been asked to intently think about years 1993-1994 and exclude the strike years 1989-1990. Through my examination, I found that Basic Industries should clutch the stocks. This can be supported up with a few proportions and examination for it, similar to the accompanying: Value turnover is the most noteworthy during 1994, after the pattern in increment. In the event that this proceeds, at that point the organization will continue creating increasingly more income with the ventures. Resource turnover is additionally the most noteworthy in 1994, and furthermore if this proceeds (which agreeing the pattern it should) there will be a greater increment in theâ reflection of the all out resources being productively used to deliver incomes. In conclusion the value multiplier is demonstrating its most noteworthy incentive in year 1994. Mirroring the expansion in how effectively shareholders’ value is being utilized to make resources. All the proportions above originate from the DuPont equation, the recipe that is utilized to discover Return on Equity. So in principle ROE ought to be at its most noteworthy during the time of 1994. This isn't the situation because of the lessening in net gain and overall revenue. This decline can be best clarified by the expansion in the intrigue cost proportion, causing the yearly intrigue cost to be increasingly elevated. From our net gain sheet, we can see that when there are more costs, there is less net gain †eventually prompting a drop in Equity. Profit for Equity will endure a shot from this higher intrigue cost every year. In the event that the organization needs to build ROE again with great quality, they should keep on holding the ventures to deliver more income and eventually resources also. Be that as it may, they should diminish the intrigue cost rate by either taking care of obligation or renegotiating their present moment and long haul obligation. These two choices will most likely mirror an expansion in ROE once more, except if there is another strike or significant economy crash. Presentation We have been approached to fathom the task given to Fred Aldrich, which is investigating the information of Basic Industries for as long as ten years and making speculation proposals. Essential Industries is a worldwide partnership that holds partakes in different electrical related markets. The latest yearly report †1994, shows a decrease in the arrival on owners’ value. This has a few financial specialists stressed and they need him to make sense of how the arrival on value has been accomplished in the previous ten years. Fred has been proposed to overlook the years 1989-1990 since there were strikes and the information wouldn’t be as practically identical to different years. He has additionally been proposed to concentrate on the investigation for key money related proportions and directâ comparison between years 1993-1994, the latest years. We need to concentrate on the nature of the company’s winning since the financial specialists place an accentuation for it. Our end suggestion ought to be whether we clutch the stocks since they are producing sound value. The main activity was compute some key money related proportions for every one of the eight years to have the option to get a grip on the patterns for value. Second, is to go more top to bottom investigation between years 1993-1994 to perceive any reason why there is a drop in value. After valuation, we ought to have the option to decide if the drop on value was because of the stock speculations or possibly it was because of something different. In conclusion, computing the nature of income will be a key factor for choosing whether or not to keep the stocks †yet perhaps change something different inside the organization to raise return on value once more. Investigation AND CALCULATIONS The following are on the whole the proportions and rates used to help the examination: From the counts above, we can infer that Return on Equity has a smooth pattern over the eight years. Profit for Equity is lower in the year 1994, which is the reason speculators are concerned. Be that as it may, this can be clarified with some different proportions. The motivation behind why ROE (Return on Equity) is lower in 1994 is a direct result of the working benefit being lower also, the year 1992 had the most elevated working net revenue and afterward it began gradually dropping. Value turnover has gradually being expanding consistently; this is a decent sign. It implies that the organization has been creating increasingly more income with the venture †for this situation all the offers in the different electrical related markets. Another great sign for the venture is the benefit turnover proportion expanding consistently. This mirrors the benefits are as a rule proficiently utilized in the creation of incomes. Up until this point, we can presume that the organization is designating resources in the correct habits to deliver the most extreme incomes conceivable, and we realize that the venture has likewise being expanding its turnover proportion. In conclusion, the value multiplier is indicating an expansion as the years progressed; reflecting how efficientâ shareholders’ value is being utilized to make resources. Things being what they are, the reason is ROE lower in 1994 if the proportions above show in any case? This is on the grounds that the premium cost has been expanding step by step; this abatements the nature of income since there is more enthusiasm being paid for long haul and momentary obligation. Despite the fact that the organization is paying more cash, they are getting into more obligation and paying high loan fees for with the end goal that at last decreases total compensation and along these lines lessens ROE. In the wake of dissecting the diminishing assessment rate, we can say that intrigue cost and its proportion has additionally being expanding.

Managing Diversity Or Work Life Balance Is Important Management Essay Essay Example

Overseeing Diversity Or Work Life Balance Is Important Management Essay Example Overseeing Diversity Or Work Life Balance Is Important Management Essay Overseeing Diversity Or Work Life Balance Is Important Management Essay As of late, WLB ( Work-life Balance ) has been sought after for appropriate arrangements on the worker s side. Thusly, WLB has become an extremely hot subject discussed worldwide in gathering chambers and specialists corridors today. It is being engaged as one of the majority of import gives that human asset experts are paying going to pull offing it. The significance of pull offing WLB has been expanding in the course of the last 2 decennaries ( De Bruin A ; Dupuis, 2004 ) . The few changes have happened in certain nations sing to this issue. First of completely, occupations are progressively unpredictable and representatives are having more power per unit territory to achieve the normal open introduction inside the shorter time allotment and less assets ( Hosie, Forster A ; Servatos, 2004 ) . Second, the segment variables of the work power have influenced the modifications of human asset course, for example, sexual orientation, ethnicity, twofold calling teams, confidence, and mult i-generational work environments. At long last, the nature of work contract requires the associations to pull off their representative s open help, occupation fulfillment, and stress all the more effectively ( Greenhaus A ; Powell, 2006 ) . Notwithstanding to the above explanation, Purcell ( 2002 ) has referenced that hierarchical association towards WLB bearing has started from grounds that there is an undeniable linkage between ardent open introduction and the way the house oversees individuals. This infers the odds of holding great WLB bearing may be the future start of competitory preferred position. Be that as it may, it is non simple to begin the great WLB bearing arrangement as it needs to fuse representatives work strongly and downplay occupation disappointments or some other battles ( De Bruin et Al, 2004 ) . To achieve this, numerous western associations have by the by embraced an alone arrangement of strategies, for case, nearby babys room, resting one-fourth, and fittingness Center. This gives workers opportunities to the full execute their doled out plants, at a similar clasp, pull off their own lives viably. The Current Issues Realizing that WLB bearing is a significant issue for each association, there is an impressive articulation on the effectivity of WLB strategies in passing on snap and smothering occupation disappointment in the advanced working environment ( Kirrane A ; Buckley, 2004 ) . WLB writing, that has served its hypothetical and down to earth utility, is so recognized. Buzzanell et Al, ( 2005 ) has more distant recommended that the WLB overall speaks to the battles in capacities for wedded, proficient, and administrative grown-up females. In the mean time, different socioeconomics are only occasionally alluded by these battles. Besides, most associations have failure to unmistakably elucidate the cooperation of work and non-work works that sway representatives working-life, accentuation and occupation fulfillment, for case. Elloy and Smith ( 2004 ) has expressed that on the grounds that non-working elements of every representative are characteristically not well characterized and muddled, organizations are so non proficient to comprehend the best possible way to react that impacts every individual. Spinks ( 2004 ) other than included that organizations, by and by, could be reluctant to comprehend their representatives and have then again made a one-size-fits-all strategy refering that it only empowered work power to work longer rather than back up their of import non-work capacities. Nonetheless, the deficiency of current WLB arrangement has been stressed by the study of Kiger ( 2005 ) which uncovered that the commitment rate in accessible WLB plans is extremely under 2 % . This truly low figure is clarifie d by Dex and Smith ( 2002 ) that there are two main considerations taking this low figure. The first is the correspondence feeling. As army workers portraying that they wish non to be a specific occurrence asking for specific mediation. In add-on to this, the paper of Water et Al ( 2006 ) other than bolstered that the working environment human advancement diminished the eagerness of Australian college staff to course WLB approach alternatives. The second is on the grounds that the uneffective WLB as it has been started from one size fit of rage all approach. In this way, it could non present fulfillment to workers and could non be commonsense in world. Thusly, organizations, that do non examine more on WLB assault, are expanding issues in appealing power and keeping of workers. The exploration has discovered that coevals X and Y have set higher significance on WLB than old coevalss. They could be pulled in and held longer in the house that furnishes flexibleness in similarity with s ingle requests. As like the paper of Beck et Al ( 2005 ) , it shows an expansion of grown-up females chiefs who are eager to go forward house and go counselor as it gives them more control on WLB. As a result, the WLB writing, in any case, uncovered the limitation of its capacity to flexibly an utile model for both in hypothetical and commonsense procedure ( Hyman et al, 2004 ) . In spite of its name, the WLB writing remains refering on work-family fringe and neglects to effectively find the extent of work and non-jobs which influence a man s fulfillment. To stifle these issues, Elloy et Al ( 2003 ) recommends that a solid conceptualisation of the WLB requires an all encompassing assault to HR course, which includes a superior cognizance of the laborer s everyday exercises rather than just worry on their hands on hr. Its structure and execution ought to keep the accompanying four norms. First of completely, it must take primarily on the coordinating of all human asset exercises with the house s vision, closes and key arranging. This would pass on consistence between work power s life setting and authoritative human advancement. Second, the execution of approaches must make a l ot of inward consistence of work conspire providing flexibleness, quality, and committedness as a milepost of the WLB s build. Third, the significance of HR must be viewed as each piece great as the interest to arraign in designs. Both would mirror the trepidation of the WLB develop. Consequently, human asset assault is fundamental and is the cardinal to the association between WLB point and the achievement. At long last, the conduct of the line executives in representatives position ought to be taken into history as it influences the achievement of WLB s approaches, for example, affirmation by workers that their higher-ups are focused on the achievement of a significant. In choice, the point, which association is competent to back up the achievement and advantages related with it, relies upon two significant concerns. The strategy that the WLB has been distinguished and formalized inside human asset conspire and the way the administrative individuals respond to workforce s petitions for WLB request sing to single interest. For the formalization, houses ought to be worn of the evaluation to which WLB is being executed, regardless of whether it has been viewed as a right, an option to bespeak, or as an issue of course judgment. In footings of administrative reactions, the association is required to do an assurance either to actualize a troublesome human asset plot or a responsibility assault towards the appeal for the needful WLB strategies. It is the association between organization s human advancement in rituals and examples are displayed by hierarchical pioneers that set the tendency for workers reactions to WLB strategies. The accomplishment of an utile WLB arrangements develop has fundamentally flopped in Australia with the given issues talked about above. The nexus between hierarchical open introduction and assorted variety or work-life balance How decent variety or work-life offset is connected with other Human Resource Management builds, for example, readiness and advancement, open introduction course as well as enrolling As the effectivity of WLB bearing requires the thorough affirmation from association sing the non-work capacities which sway representative s working-lives, regardless whatever has been actualized in WLB in ongoing mature ages, there is as yet insufficient larning hypothetical record that could pass on existent down to earth and useful WLB arrangements to the association in footings of definition and example. With the reason to investigate the present day WLB s limits, the hierarchical capacity hypothesis position has been gotten to the acknowledgment. It is proposed that the strong bearing of this wanderer effect should be possible by holding human asset executives review WLB effect and consider it to be segment of occupation rating strategy. Strikingly, to region these WLB issues, there are two key choices influencing in cardinal human asset arrangements, especially, in the occupation examination, occupation plan, and open introduction bearing methodology. Essentially, the execution of a WLB sway review framework must be taken as bit of occupation examination map. Customarily, the occupation examination map serves to portray each spot inside an organization in footings of its assignments, obligations, and link of offer. The interest to complete the WLB build is a fixation on the size of occupation, occupation s quality, and the evaluation that the work impacts on each single life by means of meddling imparting framework, traveling telephones and email designing, for case. Regardless of the way that the point of convergence on capable highlights has filled in as a balance for indicating a spot aspect, it has been less fruitful in back uping a sensible occupation examination sing to the occupation s outcome as complimented in bing human asset writing ( Buda et al, 2003 ) . In this way, to do the better occupation examination, the becoming aware of WLB sway must attempt to draw in what way every occupation s place impacts every representative

The Dark Horror Dark Imagery in Heart of Darkness - Literature Essay Samples

In Joseph Conrads The Heart of Darkness, Mr. Kurtzs chilling final words reveal his epiphany about the true nature of man. He has come to realize that the flickering light of his own morals could not overcome the darkness of his human nature. By weaving images of dark and light throughout the book, Conrad gives the reader a true sense of the darkness and the horror! present inside every man (239). Through Marlows journey into the darkness of the Congo, Conrads use of light and dark imagery as well as symbolism indicate that he is also on a journey into the deepest recesses of the darkness of his soul.Marlows first words to break the silence in the novel set the dark tone of his tale. He states that this also has been one of the dark places of the earth (138). With Britains role in colonization, it truly has become a place marred with darkness. He describes the river Thames as a running blaze on a plain, like a flash of lightning in the clouds, a flash of bright surrounded by th e dark sins of the British civilization (139). All that Marlow sees and experiences leads him to this conclusion, and his narrative is his attempt to convey this knowledge to his shipmates as well as grapple with the harsh reality himself. As the only man of [the group] who still follow[s] the sea,' Marlow has the capacity to reach this far into the heart of man and discriminate the blurred line between light and darkness (138). He is like the ancient Romans who were men enough to face the darkness (139). Marlow, however, would not have this capacity if it were not for his journey and encounter with Kurtz. The journey, however, is ultimately one of Marlows inconclusive experiences because the internal battle between light and dark can never be concluded, only merely acknowledged (141).Marlows second mention of dark imagery comes through the symbol of the map2E Showing his taste for adventure and exploration, as a boy Marlow is fascinated by the blank space[s] of delightful my stery dotting the map (142). As time progresses, explorers fill-in those light spaces, filling the emptiness with the darkness of rivers and lakes and names (142). Conrad uses this light and dark image on this level to illustrate the spread of the dark side of human nature through the British exploration. The pale white innocent spaces seem ideal for colonization and the spread of righteousness. Unfortunately, in the actuality of the situation, the darkness of man comes through bleeds like ink across the continent when man is exposed to the jungle. This infestation of evil is illustrated through the destruction of Kurtzs white moral fortitude and the cowardly evil of the Manager2E Marlow sees Kurtz as a man with the true mission of doing something right with the world. When Marlow finally reaches Kurtz, he sees that the horror inside Kurtzs soul has flourished in the jungle and snuffed out his moral flame. The manager, on the other hand, is simply an empty cowardly evil, wit hout any moral flicker.Marlows next use of light and dark imagery comes in the whited sepulchre of Brussels (145). Conrad uses this allusion to the Bible to illustrate the hypocrisy of the city, like a sepulchre that indeed appear beautiful outward, but are within full of dead mens bones, of all uncleanness (Matthew 23: 27-28). Like the later image of the paper-mch Mephistopheles, the whited sepulchre has an ideal outward appearance with only darkness inside (171). This duality allows Conrad to point out Brussles hypocritical treatment of colonization, using moralist propaganda under the false pretense of civilizing the natives to guise their greedy, evil actions. The Company inherently is also a whited sepulchre, as it carries out the evil purpose.As Marlow approaches the Companys building, he is escorted inside by one of two women who are knitting black wool (145). The knitting women are an allusion to the Fates of Greek mythology. The symbol of their black wool and their si lence sets a foreboding tone upon the scene. As the women weave their twisting black threads, they present the idea of Marlows pre-woven destiny. He even must move out of one of their way as if she was a somnambulist, walking without conscious control of her destination (145). The dark threads they weave for Marlow will lead him twisting down the Congo and into understanding of his own dark immoral fibers. Conrads use of the black wool foreshadows the evil that Marlows fate will lead him to experience, and further extends the image of darkness. As Marlow continues his tale, his illustration of light and dark becomes more passionate and pointed. Ive seen the devil of violence, and the devil of greed, and the devil of hot desire; but, by all the stars! These were strong, lusty, red-eyed devils, that swayed and drove men- men, I tell you. But as I stood on the hillside, I foresaw that in the blinding sunshine of that land I would become acquainted with a flabby, pretending, we ak-eyed devil of a rapacious and pitiless folly. How insidious he could be, too, I was only to find out several months later (155). The blinding sunshine reveals to Marlow the true savages of the Congo.In the Jungle, Marlows description of the appearance of the savages places them as black shapes crouched, lay, sat between trees, leaning against trunks, clinging to the earth, half coming out, half effaced with dim light, in all the attitudes of pain, abandonment, and despair (156). These dark savages have been half effaced with the light of British civilization. They are still a weak starving people, and have all the attitudes of pain, abandonment, and despair. Through this description, Conrad is illustrating Marlows realization of the innocence of what once were thought to be merely uncivilized savages. In actuality, it is the colonists, pale skinned and clad in white, that represent the true evil. Their white cuffs,..2Elight alpaca jacket[s]. snowy trousers, a clear silk ne cktie, and varnished boots(157) only hide the fact that they are hollow to the core, a true representation of the paper-mch Mephistopheles. Conrad illustrates the white mans attempt to cover their evil with the faade of civilization through the white clothing over their dark, empty conscience. Like the painting on the wall of the Central Station, the light of their misdirected morals casts them in a sinister light (169). The light they bring into this dark world brings out their true evil, just like the woman walking in a stately manner through the darkness.The ultimate illustration of light verses dark in the novel occurs within Kurtz himself. Going into the Congo as a shining light of moral fortitude, Kurtz gains the respect of those around him and the envy of those who cannot produce ivory to his standards. By gaining the respect of the natives, Kurtzs original moral reserve helps him to gain a leg up in the ivory trade. However, the true horror of the world around him and the horror of the deepest regions of his soul overcome him, driving him to rule with an iron fist. Seemingly a failure, Kurtzs moral flicker dims and his moral purpose becomes obscured. However, he manages to do what none of the other hollow men are able to. Kurtz is able to recognize his folly and the horror! of his human nature. Marlow originally attributes Kurtzs behavior with his disconnection with civilization. Never before, did this land, this river, this jungle, the very arch of this blazing sky, appear to me so hopeless and so dark, so impenetrable to human thought, so pitiless to human weakness (217). Marlow discovers, as Kurtz does in his dying words, that the true reason is not the darkness around but the darkness within. Being in the wilderness, [he] had looked within [himself] (235). Once again, the images of light and dark bring his revelation, when he reaches Kurtz he is transported into some lightless region of subtle horrors, where pure uncomplicated savager y was a positive relief, being something that had a right to exist- obviously- in the sunshine (222). Kurtzs allows his savage interior to expose itself, but his intentions are still good. [The tribe] adored him, (218) he used his savagery to attain his ends, but by not masking his evil, he is more of a man than any of the other members of the Company. He is not a flabbyweak-eyed devil, he is simply a man with morals that does not need the bland white veil of civilization. With this knowledge, it is clear why Kurtz is Marlows choice of evils.Conrad brings the images of light and dark into The Heart of Darkness on many levels, good and evil, civilization and savagery, knowledge and ignorance. In the end, Kurtzs final words bring the ultimate meaning of the darkness, the horror, to the forefront. Marlows journey has reached deep within his soul as he sees how Kurtz, like himself, has moral reserve. By recognizing the darkness also present within the heart of every man, and acce pting it, Kurtz has become one of the whole men, whereas most of the British colonists have constructed themselves in denial of their true human nature, constructing a hollow shell of fake civilization with nothing left within. Their blind pitiless folly is the only true evil of the novel, as it is darkness without substance.

The History of Mary Prince - Reading Response - 275 Words

The History of Mary Prince - Reading Response (Coursework Sample) Content: Name Tutor Course Date The History of Mary Prince - Reading Response 1. Mary Prince’s slave masters wield coercive power over the subject; it is primarily through force that these overlords cause the slave girl to do the slave-owners’ bidding. For example, Captain I does not seek Prince’s opinion when the slave-owner decides to sell off the girl to John Wood. The slavery environment severely strips Prince of her humanity. Specifically, slavery transforms Prince into an metaphorical ’inanimate entity’ that has no desires or wishes. In this light, Captain Darrel Williams gives off Prince to one of his grandchildren named Betsey Williams. As he does so, Williams does not consider the fact that Prince may not like to acquire a new master. 2. Prince indirectly opposes the slavery doctrine by marrying Daniel James while still under the control of Mr. Wood. The slave basically asserts that slaves deserve certain rights, including t he liberty to seek a life companion. Prince directly resists slavery by seeking the assistance of the Anti-Slavery Society with regard to making the Wood household to grant freedom to the slave. Â   3. The Woods decline to allow Prince to purchase the lady’s freedom since such an act would denigrate the slave-owners’ social statuses. Having Prince under their command bestows elevated social positions to the Woods. The Woods’ adamant stance indicates that a slave-owner’s character is defined and constructed on the basis of whether or not one possesses slaves. 4. Prince’s gendered identity influences her experiences in that the lady faces some problems that are limited to female slaves. For example, Prince is separated from James, the woman’s husband, when the Woods take the lady from Antigua to England. Prince lacks the protection that a wife would derive from a husband. The woman’s gendered identity also influences how others por tray Prince; British periodicals emphasize the lady’s story owing to her femininity. Moreover, Prince’s femininity impact how the lady experiences slavery; her female body reacts to the perils of slavery more than a man’s body would. The lady’s femininity also impacts on how others portray Prince; some masters view the lady as a rather subdued person due to the woman’s gender. 5. When she reaches England, Prince does not immediately depart from the Woods because the woman intends to first seek emancipation rights from her masters. She wishes to conform to established protocol of making a slave a free person. Prince does not receive the freedom the woman d...

Battle of Wake Island in World War II

The Battle of Wake Island was fought from December 8-23, 1941, during the opening days of World War II (1939-1945). A tiny atoll in the central Pacific Ocean, Wake Island was annexed by the United States in 1899. Located between Midway and Guam, the island was not permanently settled until 1935 when Pan American Airways built a town and hotel to service their trans-Pacific China Clipper flights. Consisting of three small islets, Wake, Peale, and Wilkes, Wake Island was to the north of the Japanese-held Marshall Islands and east of Guam. As tensions with Japan rose in the late 1930s, the US Navy began efforts to fortify the island. Work on an airfield and defensive positions began in January 1941. The following month, as part of Executive Order 8682, the Wake Island Naval Defensive Sea Area was created which limited maritime traffic around the island to US military vessels and those approved by the Secretary of the Navy. An accompanying Wake Island Naval Airspace Reservation was also established over the atoll. Additionally, six 5 guns, which had previously been mounted on USS Texas (BB-35), and 12 3 anti-aircraft guns were shipped to Wake Island to bolster the atolls defenses. The Marines Prepare While work progressed, the 400 men of the 1st Marine Defense Battalion arrived on August 19, led by Major James P.S. Devereux. On November 28, Commander Winfield S. Cunningham, a naval aviator, arrived to assume overall command of the islands garrison. These forces joined the 1,221 workers from the Morrison-Knudsen Corporation which were completing the islands facilities and the Pan American staff which included 45 Chamorros (Micronesians from Guam). By early December the airfield was operational, though not complete. The islands radar equipment remained at Pearl Harbor and protective revetments had not been built to protect aircraft from aerial attack. Though the guns had been emplaced, only one director was available for the anti-aircraft batteries. On December 4, twelve F4F Wildcats from VMF-211 arrived on the island after being carried west by USS Enterprise (CV-6). Commanded by Major Paul A. Putnam, the squadron was only on Wake Island for four days before the war began. Forces Commanders United States Commander Winfield S. CunninghamMajor James P.S. Devereux527 men12 F4F Wildcats Japan Rear Admiral Sadamichi Kajioka2,500 men3 light cruisers, 6 destroyers, 2 patrol boats, 2 transports, and 2 carriers (second landing attempt) The Japanese Attack Begins Due to the islands strategic location, the Japanese made provisions to attack and seize Wake as part of their opening moves against the United States. On December 8, as Japanese aircraft were attacking Pearl Harbor (Wake Island is on the other side of the International Date Line), 36 Mitsubishi G3M medium bombers departed the Marshall Islands for Wake Island. Alerted to the Pearl Harbor attack at 6:50 AM and lacking radar, Cunningham ordered four Wildcats to begin patrolling the skies around the island. Flying in poor visibility, the pilots failed to spot the inbound Japanese bombers. Striking the island, the Japanese managed to destroy eight of VMF-211s Wildcats on the ground as well as inflicted damage on the airfield and Pam Am facilities. Among the casualties were 23 killed and 11 wounded from VMF-211 including many of the squadrons mechanics. After the raid, the non-Chamorro Pan American employees were evacuated from Wake Island aboard the Martin 130 Philippine Clipper which had survived the attack. A Stiff Defense Retiring with no losses, the Japanese aircraft returned the next day. This raid targeted Wake Islands infrastructure and resulted in the destruction of the hospital and Pan Americans aviation facilities. Attacking the bombers, VMF-211s four remaining fighters succeeded in downing two Japanese planes. As the air battle raged, Rear Admiral Sadamichi Kajioka departed Roi in the Marshall Islands with a small invasion fleet on December 9. On the 10th, Japanese planes attacked targets in Wilkes and detonated a supply of dynamite which destroyed the ammunition for the islands guns. Arriving off Wake Island on December 11, Kajioka ordered his ships forward to land 450 Special Naval Landing Force troops. Under the guidance of Devereux, Marine gunners held their fire until the Japanese were within range of Wakes 5 coastal defense guns. Opening fire, his gunners succeeded in sinking the destroyer Hayate and badly damaging Kajiokas flagship, the light cruiser Yubari. Under heavy fire, Kajioka elected to withdraw out of range. Counterattacking, VMF-211s four remaining aircraft succeeded in sinking the destroyer Kisaragi when a bomb landed in the ships depth charge racks. Captain Henry T. Elrod  posthumously  received the Medal of Honor for his part in the vessels destruction. Calls for Help While the Japanese regrouped, Cunningham and Devereux called for aid from Hawaii. Stymied in his attempts to take the island, Kajioka remained nearby and directed additional air raids against the defenses. In addition, he was reinforced by additional ships, including the carriers Soryu and Hiryu which were diverted south from the retiring Pearl Harbor attack force. While Kajioka planned his next move, Vice Admiral William S. Pye, the Acting Commander-in-Chief of the US Pacific Fleet, directed Rear Admirals Frank J. Fletcher  and Wilson Brown to take a relief force to Wake. Centered on the carrier USS Saratoga (CV-3) Fletchers force carried additional troops and aircraft for the beleaguered garrison. Moving slowly, the relief force was recalled by Pye on December 22 after he learned that two Japanese carriers were operating in the area. That same day, VMF-211 lost two aircraft. On December 23, with the carrier providing air cover, Kajioka again moved forward. Following a preliminary bombardment, the Japanese landed on the island. Though Patrol Boat No. 32 and Patrol Boat No. 33 were lost in the fighting, by dawn over 1,000 men had come ashore. Final Hours Pushed out of the southern arm of the island, American forces mounted a tenacious defense despite being outnumbered two-to-one. Fighting through the morning, Cunningham and Devereux were forced to surrender the island that afternoon. During their fifteen-day defense, the garrison at Wake Island sank four Japanese warships and severely damaged a fifth. In addition, as many as 21 Japanese aircraft were downed along with a total of around 820 killed and approximately 300 wounded. American losses numbered 12 aircraft, 119 killed, and 50 wounded. Aftermath Of those who surrendered, 368 were Marines, 60 US Navy, 5 US Army, and 1,104 civilian contractors. As the Japanese occupied Wake, the majority of the prisoners were transported from the island, though 98 were kept as forced laborers. While American forces never attempted to re-capture the island during the war, a submarine blockade was imposed which starved the defenders. On October 5, 1943, aircraft from  USS  Yorktown (CV-10) struck the island. Fearing an imminent invasion, the garrison commander, Rear Admiral Shigematsu Sakaibara, ordered the execution of the remaining prisoners. This was carried out on the northern end of the island on October 7, though one prisoner escaped and carved  98 US PW 5-10-43  on a large rock near the killed POWs mass grave. This prisoner was subsequently re-captured and personally executed by Sakaibara. The island was re-occupied by American forces on September 4, 1945, shortly after the wars end. Sakaibara was later convicted of war crimes for his actions on Wake Island and hung on June 18, 1947.